Resource-based DEVELOPMENT is one of the subjects that economists have thought about. Given better economic performance of the countries with fewer natural resources compared to that of the resourceful states, most economists hold that resource-based DEVELOPMENT has failed. A rather fewer number of economists, having in mind the important role of natural resources in the production process, believe that resource-based DEVELOPMENT could be successful providing that the right strategy is adopted. This article tries to review the reasoning of both groups. Meanwhile, the study is illustrated with some successful experiences of some countries including the USA, Norway, South Africa, and Finland versus unsuccessful experiences including those of the OPEC member countries. The results of the research indicate that resource-based DEVELOPMENT has been a success story in the countries where the industries related to the natural resources have developed the economy as the leading industries rather than resorting to rents.

Purpose: The purpose of this applied research is to study the effectiveness of gamification on corporate training.  Methodology: A gamified course was designed and implemented to train the location of Fire Hosing Cabinet for 24 employees of a firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research plan (post-test only control group design) the participants of the study were randomly assigned to treatment (12) and control (12) groups and trained for a week.  Conclusion: The descriptive and interpretive result of the posttest analyses indicated the effectiveness of gamification of the training performed for the employees of the firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Moreover, the descriptive result of Gamification Acceptance Questionnaire answered by the members of the experimental group after gamified training indicated that all the participants in the experimental group were satisfied with the gamified training course.

According to classical texts, Dara stands out as a significant city from the early Parthian era, situated on the eastern fringes of the Parthian Empire. Classical sources have documented this region under various names such as Apavortene, Zapaortenon, Partauticena, and Apauarcticena. Since the latter half of the nineteenth century, Iranologists have engaged in speculation about the location of Dara, drawing insights from descriptions provided by Justin and Pliny, as well as references to its whereabouts in classical texts. This research endeavors to offer relative conjectures concerning the location of Dara and Shahr-Tepe, a potential site representing it, through an evaluation of archaeological data alongside classical and Islamic texts. To achieve the research objectives using a descriptive-analytical approach, the study employs the library research method and incorporates archaeological data. In alignment with classical texts, the research suggests that the province of Apavortene is situated in Eastern Iran, and there exists a likelihood that the Islamic-period Abivard is a transformed manifestation of this Parthian-period province. Aditionally, a comparative examination of Dara in classical texts with present-day Shahr-Tepe in Dargaz reveals congruence, aligning with the descriptions provided by Justin and Pliny. Shahr-Tepe, located on the opposite side of Hezar Masjed Mountains between Nisa and Abivard, exhibits a singular historical period. Surrounded by Hezar Masjed Mountains, the region boasts an abundance of rivers and springs, expansive meadows, and remnants of forests within Tandooreh National Park and Tivan region. These characteristics confirm the general depiction of Apavortene and Dara found in classical sources. Collectively, these findings suggest that Shahr-Tepe, covering an area of approximately 70 hectares, could indeed represent the prominent city of the early Parthian period

The functions of business schools in talent education have led to the necessary use of them in advanced countries. This has helped to improve the need for business schools in Iran. On the other hand, the use of land use planning in business school DEVELOPMENT makes it possible to plan well for business school implementation and activities. This has led to the research on designing a FEASIBILITY model for business schools based on land preparation so that operational strategies can be developed in different regions of Iran to develop and improve business schools. Conducting the present study can provide appropriate solutions for the DEVELOPMENT of business schools. On the other hand, due to the lack of growth of business schools in Iran, the present study can determine the native conditions in accordance with Iran for DEVELOPMENT of these schools. Also, the present research can promote public knowledge about business schools and ultimately lead to the concern for business schools DEVELOPMENT at different levels of the country. On the other hand, failure to carry out the present study can lead to major uncertainties in the direction of business schools growth. Failure to do the present research also leads to lack of appropriate solutions for the DEVELOPMENT of these schools and also fails to establish business school DEVELOPMENT plans. Failure to do research will also not be able to take advantage of the variables affecting the DEVELOPMENT of these schools and will undoubtedly reduce the efficiency of business schools. Lack of research in this area has led to insufficient information to improve the efficiency of business schools. On the other hand, lack of research in this area has reduced the necessity and attention to the DEVELOPMENT of business schools in Iran. However, today's business schools are not on the path to DEVELOPMENT and they are not very effective. The present study was conducted by designing a FEASIBILITY model for business school DEVELOPMENT. The present study is a mixed research that was done in qualitative and quantitative methods. The research design is a consecutive exploration project. The statistical population of the present study in the qualitative sector was comprised of entrepreneurship specialists and business as well as managers and experts in the field of education. Accordingly, 13 individuals were selected as the qualitative research sample. The statistical population in the quantitative sector also included entrepreneurship and business professionals, managers and experts in the field of education, as well as academics related to the field of entrepreneurship and education, who had sufficient experience and expertise in business schools. According to preliminary estimates, the population of the small statistical population was 250 people. Based on random sampling method, 148 individuals were identified as the research sample. The research tool consisted of semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire. In the qualitative analysis part of the research, open, axial and selective coding was used. Also, in the quantitative analysis section, the interpretive structural modeling method and structural equations are used. The whole process of data analysis was done in SPSS and PLS software. The qualitative results of the research showed that 39 attributes were extracted through interviews which were classified into 7 categories including motivational, technical, human, legal, planning, organizational and cultural aspects. According to the results of the qualitative part of the research, seven motivational, technical, human, legal, planning, organizational and cultural aspects of business schools are needed. The identified aspects illustrate that it is important to take into account the varied conditions and characteristics of business schools on the path of improvement and DEVELOPMENT. In this way, to improve and expand business schools, some aspects of motivational, technical, human, legal, planning, organizational and cultural aspects are well understood. The results showed that due to the suitability of Cronbach's alpha indices, hybrid reliability, convergent validity, R2, Q2 and GOF, the present model is well validated. Business school DEVELOPMENT is identified as one of the major issues facing employment, economics, entrepreneurship and business issues.

The world's main DEVELOPMENT strategy, sustainable DEVELOPMENT strategy. Therefore, sustainable DEVELOPMENT, sustainable DEVELOPMENT indicators, principles of sustainable DEVELOPMENT policies and planning patterns in sustainable DEVELOPMENT in planning the future DEVELOPMENT of Based on environmental performance, one of the principles of national regional and global scale are considered. Environmental potential of this approach in the present paper Application of sustainable DEVELOPMENT Component capabilities in mining, agriculture, mountain, tourism, etc. are analyzed.

The question that is discussed in the research is to what extent is it possible for Iran to model China's economic DEVELOPMENT model in the light of strategic cooperation between the two countries? What are the areas and obstacles in Iran's approach to modeling China, especially in the field of economic DEVELOPMENT? According to the hypothesis, it seems; The mutual economic needs of Iran and China, joint criticism of the existing international order, China's important role in attracting foreign investment, the One Belt/One Road economic plan, the position of the Middle East in China's energy supply, and political and security cooperation were mentioned as role models. In contrast to the variables; The different cultural structure of the two countries, institutionalism in Iran's economy, the quantitative and qualitative demographic structure of the two countries, the different economic structure, the social mistrust of Iranians towards economic cooperation with China, international sanctions against both countries, the influential weight of the level of trade China and America as a sanctions-oriented power, China's emphasis on the political geography of countries in the matter of economic DEVELOPMENT and its lack of modeling, and ambiguity in the foundations and real intentions of China's economic DEVELOPMENT model, as important obstacles to the FEASIBILITY of modeling China's economic DEVELOPMENT model. It is discussed. The nature of this research is descriptive and analytical and it is discussed in the framework of the theory of interdependence. The method of collecting information and resources of this research is qualitatively based on library and internet resources. Finally, the method of analyzing the collected information is also done qualitatively. In order to understand the nature of the relations between the two countries China and Iran and especially the interest that Iran has shown to cooperate with China, the theory of interdependence is a theory from which the possibility of adapting Iran's economic DEVELOPMENT model to China can be examined. gave However, it will be pointed out in the following that the mutual dependence of Iran and China faces important obstacles, which raises the question of how far it is possible for Iran to follow China's model of economic DEVELOPMENT, and what are the obstacles. Is there a field? With the investigations that were done, in examining the possibility of following the model of China's economic DEVELOPMENT, there are many fields and obstacles that understanding the perspective of the interactions between the parties requires paying attention to the influential variables in this field. In the field of cooperation between the parties, we can mention things such as the mutual economic needs of Iran and China, joint criticism of the liberal economic system, China's important contribution and role in helping to attract foreign investment, the perspective of the One Belt/One Road economic plan, the position He mentioned the Middle East and Iran in China's energy supply and political and security cooperation between the parties.On the other hand, it seems that the obstacles to Iran's imitation of China's economic DEVELOPMENT model cast a shadow on the future of the relations between the parties. In this framework, different cultural structure, institutional avoidance, different economic structure, adoption of parallel laws, social mistrust, international sanctions, interweaving of the economy of China and the United States, China's emphasis on the political geography of countries in economic DEVELOPMENT and ambiguity in The fundamentals and real policy of China's economic DEVELOPMENT model were pointed out.In the end, it is worth mentioning that the decision makers and the government of Iran are still looking for local and international solutions and models for economic DEVELOPMENT. Of course, although there is no consensus on the principle of accepting the concept of DEVELOPMENT in the country yet, the necessity of economic DEVELOPMENT is still emphasized in the declaration field. In the meantime, China as an emerging economy is becoming an economic DEVELOPMENT model for some countries that want a different experience. For Iran, the possibility of imitating China's economic DEVELOPMENT model depends on the major areas and obstacles that need to be carefully considered in studying this issue. Even though the text mentions both the positive components and the obstacles of modeling, it seems that due to the lack of transparency in China's strategy regarding its intention of economic cooperation in other countries, the weight of the obstacles to the FEASIBILITY of modeling is greater than its opportunities. . Because some believe that China is trying to start economic cooperation with countries through debt trap diplomacy, especially in the form of the Silk Road project, and then by paying loans with heavy interest, it will force countries to follow China's economic decision-making models. .In this research, from the above approach to livestock policy, it is mentioned that the model of economic DEVELOPMENT is compulsory. In fact, in modeling the economic DEVELOPMENT model of China, it is considered important to model according to the domestic economic and political situation. It seems that even though China claims that the economic DEVELOPMENT model is different according to the political geography of each country and it is not possible to apply a common version for all countries, but in practice, China is inclined towards economic cooperation with countries that, within the framework of cooperation, its economic interests It should be prioritized and countries cannot have other alternatives for their cooperation through the financial aid they receive. Therefore, in this research, the dual path of voluntary modeling and mandatory modeling is predicted as the two paths and ways forward for Iran's economic DEVELOPMENT in cooperation with China, and the requirements and challenges of each of the above two paths are worthy of attention.

Urban unprecedented and heterogeneous growth is one of the most important problems in post world war II in many developing countries. The consequence of such explosive growth has led to the widespread poverty. Meanwhile the process of city DEVELOPMENT strategy (CDS) as a theory of content-procedural and as a new approach was organized by Organization of city coalition in 1999 aiming at reducing poverty, promoting sustainable DEVELOPMENT, good governance and increasing citizen participation. This new approach intends to provide a context to solve the problems which come from the heart of urban society instead of eliminating them. The contemporary cities which are creating one after anther in Iran are in fact rural areas which changed artificially their names to city and not as real transformation to urban life. It is clear that the weakness of their culture show the necessity of cultural precondition.

Ecotourism is a collection of organic and dynamic tourism industry while having considerable productivity and profitability, ensures economic DEVELOPMENT at deeper layers. This collection is not only a bed for the cultural DEVELOPMENT of communities; rather it makes the environment serve the human curious soul and invites them to have a fascinating and enjoyable journey, filled with memories, to explore the unknown universe and become close to nature and be immersed in the relaxing and refreshing natural attractions. This paper aims to study natural attractions of Saman region and find their effect on attracting tourists. The main objective of this study was to investigate and understand the most significant capabilities and opportunities as well as bottlenecks and threats to the region to achieve specific pattern of ecotourism. For this purpose, the nature of the region was evaluated and its strengths and weaknesses were identified. The results showed the high weakness of the required infrastructures for tourism such as facilities, services, social, economic, cultural and communication infrastructures and considering the potentials of the region and long-term prospects of tourism DEVELOPMENT in Saman, suggestions for improving the current situation and the future upgrades of the region were presented in the form of short time (Task Force), medium-term and long-term intervals. It should be pointed that by providing comprehensive and systematic planning of tourism and investment incentives for the private sector, we can provide opportunities for ecotourism DEVELOPMENT in the area.

IntroductionDEVELOPMENT of rural areas, especially in developing countries that have more deprivation is very important. The rural DEVELOPMENT in developing countries are faced with many challenges Because, past strategies have been quite successful in the field of rural DEVELOPMENT and have failed to address issues such as poverty, employment, health, food security and environmental sustainability meet. These strategies have been successful in distributing the benefits of growth and DEVELOPMENT and cause many problems in this country. The main aim of the rural DEVELOPMENT programs to achieve a good model for the distribution of settlements, facilities and activities based on land capacity. Featuring a pattern of DEVELOPMENT that has been done in practice in most developing countries dramatically speed DEVELOPMENT of urban areas than rural areas. So, not only in rural areas are of considerable investment and production can be seen, but in terms of cultural and social issues such as education, health and social security, all the preconditions for human DEVELOPMENT has a gross underDEVELOPMENT compared to urban areas. This uncontrolled rural urban migration in these countries have followed a comprehensive introduction to social and economic problems, especially in urban centers. At present, the DEVELOPMENT of rural areas is less attention, while rural DEVELOPMENT plays an important role in regional economic growth (45: Long & et al, 2009). ...

Cluster DEVELOPMENT strategy is one of the prosperous methods of organizing Small & Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs). This method has been playing a significant part in regional DEVELOPMENT of various countries for more than three decades. This research first surveyed the conceptual framework of tourism clusters and then analyzed Anzali as a tourism cluster based on the four specifications of business clusters (geographical concentration, sectorial concentration, co-operational relations, and common opportunities and threats). ‘Location Quotient Technique’ and ‘Cooperation Matrix’ were respectively used for analysis of ‘geographical and sectorial centralization’ and questionnaire forms were employed for evaluation of ‘co-operational relations between business unites’ and ‘common opportunities and threats’ assessments. Findings reveal: tourism economic sector of Anzali stands in the ‘basic’ level and holds Location Quotient of 1.02, tourism businesses have common opportunities and threats, but inter-enterprise cooperation relations are weak. Finally, strategic policies are proposed based on current position and future opportunities of Anzali tourism cluster.